Zest lemon, then halve. Peel pears, halve lengthwise, and remove and discard cores. Cut each into 6 wedges.
In a medium pot over medium-high heat, add red wine, ¼ cup sugar, honey, 1 squeeze lemon juice, and zest of 1 lemon. Simmer, stirring to dissolve sugar, until flavors are melded, about 5 minutes.
Add pears to pot, being sure to submerge at least halfway. Cover and poach until tender, 10-15 minutes, stirring every 5 minutes.
While pears poach, in a small bowl, stir together mascarpone, vanilla bean paste, and remaining sugar. Chill in fridge until ready to serve.
Remove pears from pot, reserving liquid, and divide evenly between 2 bowls. Increase heat to high and cook poaching liquid until reduced by half, about 3 minutes, then spoon over pears. Top each bowl with a dollop of vanilla bean mascarpone and serve.